ARM ARM7TDMI User Manual Page 20
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Introduction
1-4 Copyright © 2001 ARM Limited. All rights reserved. ARM DDI 0234B
1.2 ARM7TDMI-S architecture
The ARM7TDMI-S processor has two instruction sets:
• the 32-bit ARM instruction set
• the 16-bit Thumb instruction set.
The ARM7TDMI-S processor is an implementation of the ARM architecture v4T. For
full details of both the ARM and Thumb instruction sets, see the ARM Architecture
Reference Manual.
1.2.1 Instruction compression
Microprocessor architectures traditionally had the same width for instructions and data.
Therefore, 32-bit architectures had higher performance manipulating 32-bit data and
could address a large address space much more efficiently than 16-bit architectures.
16-bit architectures typically had higher code density than 32-bit architectures, and
greater than half the performance.
Thumb implements a 16-bit instruction set on a 32-bit architecture to provide:
• higher performance than a 16-bit architecture
• higher code density than a 32-bit architecture.
1.2.2 The Thumb instruction set
The Thumb instruction set is a subset of the most commonly used 32-bit ARM
instructions. Thumb instructions are each 16 bits long, and have a corresponding 32-bit
ARM instruction that has the same effect on the processor model. Thumb instructions
operate with the standard ARM register configuration, allowing excellent
interoperability between ARM and Thumb states.
On execution, 16-bit Thumb instructions are transparently decompressed to full 32-bit
ARM instructions in real time, without performance loss.
Thumb has all the advantages of a 32-bit core:
• 32-bit address space
• 32-bit registers
• 32-bit shifter and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
• 32-bit memory transfer.
Thumb therefore offers a long branch range, powerful arithmetic operations, and a large
address space.
- ARM7TDMI-S 1
- Contents 3
- Chapter 3 Memory Interface 4
- Chapter 6 ETM Interface 5
- Chapter 8 AC Parameters 5
- List of Tables 7
- List of Figures 10
- • Feedback on page xvi 11
- About this document 12
- Preface 13
- Other publications 15
- Architecture 15
- Feedback 16
- Chapter 1 17
- Introduction 17
- 1.2 ARM7TDMI-S architecture 20
- Figure 1-3 ARM7TDMI-S core 23
- 1.4.1 ARM instruction summary 26
- [Rn, #+/-12bit_Offset] 29
- [Rn, +/-Rm] 29
- [Rn, #+/-12bit_Offset]! 29
- [Rn, +/-Rm]! 29
- , is shown in Table 1-4 30
- [Rn, #+/-8bit_Offset] 31
- Register 31
- [Rn, #+/-(8bit_Offset*4)] 32
- Post-indexed 32
- Fields 33
- , are shown in Table 1-10 33
- Condition fields 33
- , are shown in Table 1-11 33
- Halfword 36
- POP <reglist> 38
- POP <reglist, PC> 38
- SWI 8bit_Imm 38
- 0x7F1F0F0F 40
- Chapter 2 43
- Programmer’s Model 43
- 2.3 Memory formats 46
- 2.4 Instruction length 48
- 2.5 Data types 49
- 2.6 Operating modes 50
- 2.7 Registers 51
- Table 2-2 PSR mode bit values 59
- MOV PC, R14 61
- MOVS PC, R14_svc 61
- MOVS PC, R14_und 61
- SUBS PC, R14_abt, #4 61
- SUBS PC, R14_fiq, #4 62
- SUBS PC, R14_irq, #4 62
- SUBS PC, R14_abt, #8 62
- UNPREDICTABLE 62
- SUBS PC,R14_fiq,#4 63
- SUBS PC,R14_abt,#8 65
- MOVS PC,R14_und 65
- 2.10 Interrupt latencies 68
- 2.11 Reset 69
- Chapter 3 71
- Memory Interface 71
- 3.2 Bus interface signals 73
- 3.3 Bus cycle types 74
- Table 3-2 Burst types 77
- Figure 3-5 Merged I-S cycle 79
- 3.4 Addressing signals 80
- 3.4.6 CPTBIT 82
- 3.5 Data timed signals 83
- Figure 3-6 Data replication 86
- Figure 3-7 Use of CLKEN 87
- Chapter 4 89
- 4.1 About coprocessors 90
- Table 4-2 Handshaking signals 94
- Signal Direction Meaning 94
- 4.5 Connecting coprocessors 99
- Coprocessor Interface 100
- 4.7 Undefined instructions 103
- 4.8 Privileged instructions 104
- Chapter 5 105
- Debugging Your System 105
- 5.2 Controlling debugging 109
- 5.3 Entry into debug state 111
- Figure 5-3 Debug state entry 112
- ARM7TDMI-Smacrocell 115
- 5.4 Debug interface 116
- EmbeddedICE-RT 118
- 5.7 Disabling EmbeddedICE-RT 120
- 5.9 Monitor mode debugging 122
- 0 RW...100 124
- MRC CP14, 0, Rd, C0, C0 125
- MCR CP14, 0, Rn, C1, C0 125
- MRC CP14, 0, Rd, C1, C0 126
- 5.12 The TAP controller 130
- 5.13 Public JTAG instructions 132
- 011112272831 135
- Part number 135
- Manufacturer identity 1 135
- 0x7f1f0f0f 136
- 5.15 Scan timing 140
- 31 DATA[30] Input/output 142
- 32 DATA[31] Input/output 142
- 33 DBGBREAK Input 142
- Number Signal Type 142
- 5.17 Exit from debug state 146
- 0 E0802000; ADD R2, R0, R0 148
- 1 E1826001; ORR R6, R2, R1 148
- MOV R0, R0 148
- SUB PC, PC, #28 148
- - (4 + N + 3S) 150
- - (3 + N + 3S) 150
- 8 67 5 34 2 01 154
- 5.21 Programming breakpoints 157
- 0xffffffff 158
- 0xdfffdfff 158
- 0x00000000 158
- 5.22 Programming watchpoints 159
- 5.23 Abort status register 160
- 5.24 Debug control register 161
- 5.25 Debug status register 164
- 5.27 EmbeddedICE-RT timing 169
- Chapter 6 171
- ETM Interface 171
- 6.1 About the ETM interface 172
- 6.4 Clocks and resets 176
- 6.5 Debug request wiring 177
- Chapter 7 179
- Instruction Cycle Timings 179
- MOV PC,R14 185
- STM..{R14} LDM..{PC} 185
- 7.4 Thumb branch with link 186
- 7.5 Branch and exchange 187
- 7.6 Data operations 188
- 7.8 Load register 192
- 7.9 Store register 194
- 7.10 Load multiple registers 195
- 7.11 Store multiple registers 197
- 7.12 Data swap 198
- 7.20 Unexecuted instructions 208
- Chapter 8 209
- AC Parameters 209
- 8.1 Timing diagrams 210
- Figure 8-2 Coprocessor timing 212
- 8.1.4 Debug timing 213
- 8.1.5 Scan timing 214
- Figure 8-5 Scan timing 215
- Appendix A 219
- Signal Descriptions 219
- A.1 Signal descriptions 220
- Appendix B 227
- ARM7TDMI 227
- B.1 Interface signals 228
- B.2 ATPG scan interface 232
- B.3 Timing parameters 233
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